The medical doctor and zoologist Georg Wilhelm Steller was amazed at how easy it was to catch giant manatees and used the forced break on the island for detailed anatomical examinations. The shipwreck of a Russian expedition on the Commander Islands off the Kamchatka Peninsula led to an exciting discovery in 1741: a gigantic one lived in the cold, subarctic seawater manateewhich, at almost eight meters in length, was much larger than the two genera known from warm waters, dugong and manatee. But they also become prey themselves - larger fish have an appetite for plaice fillet. On the other hand, you are not recognized as prey, and the predator usually moves on hungry.īoth are true for flatfish, because they are predators: small crabs, mussels or bristle worms are their main meal. But why do flatfish have to camouflage themselves? Camouflage, a perfect masking, is very useful in the animal kingdom for two things: On the one hand, you are not seen as a predator and get closer to your prey, which increases the chance of a successful hunt. Together with the spots, the body shape is used for camouflage. And the flat design is perfect for life on the bottom of the sea. The animals can adapt the spots to the surface in shape and color, similar to the chameleon. When they swim on the bottom of the pool, however, you do not see the top of the animals - because they are not on the stomach, but on the side! When small fish were still quite "normal", the eyes move to the left half of the body after four to eight weeks, while the plaice to the right - the animals develop asymmetrically and have a spotted "eye side" and a light "bottom side". With their unusual body shape, they look as if they were flattened. Biologists are also interested in the group of Flatfish, and that's because of the peculiarity of their anatomy. Turbot, flounder or plaice - not only fish connoisseurs are familiar with these names. They are flattened on their underside, or even completely flat like the skate - and can thus lie more or less camouflaged on the ground and dig themselves in on top of it. Fish species that live in the open water zone have balanced bellies and backs, which stabilizes immensely when swimming.
For example, a surface fish like the goatee is equipped with a straight back line towards the water surface and does not have the round shape of a "middle fish", such as a slipper tetra. Many thousands of years of adaptation determine the shape of the animals. Only that the preferences here are not shaped individually, but based on evolutionary processes. As with humans, there are also preferences in the fish kingdom for a stay at height or depth: one likes »roof terraces«, the other feels »at ground level«. There is a reason, an "open water zone" in the middle and the water surface. Like every sea and lake, this water system has different floors, just like in a house. Is the diversity of species, there are about 2.000 species of fish alone, four times as many as in all of Europe. Some calculations assume that about a fifth of the fresh water on earth flows through the rivers of the Amazon basin. It is a huge fresh water area surrounded by tropical rainforest. The Amazon basin - the catchment area of the Amazon - covers almost the entire northern half of South America. Because no one wants noise in the neighborhood with fish and Co.
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Interested parties are clearly signaled where there is still free and unnecessary territorial fights are avoided. This is how husband and wife find each other, lovers, children their parents too. But instead of name tags or house numbers, the striking color combinations help find and search here, each of which has its own unique fish species. Is there everlasting carnival in the southern seas? No, the splendor of colors in the tropical reef has a very practical meaning: the huge coral pieces, which serve the fish with their many corners and caves, are like a high-rise building with hundreds of apartments. This is unusual for us, as the fish familiar to us from the North and Baltic Seas come mostly silvery and in camouflage colors. Leopard triggerfish stand out due to their white dots, yellow sea bathers glow, as the name suggests, all in yellow, and the outfit of the western sailfin doctors consists of many light and dark stripes. Whether yellow or red checkered, whether blue with black or bright orange - the fish of the tropical coral reefs afford every color luxury.
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